Vascular Health Matters: Recognizing and Preventing Vascular Diseases

Vascular diseases, a group of conditions affecting the blood vessels, are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. They often progress silently, striking without warning and leaving devastating consequences. In this article, we will delve into the world of vascular diseases, exploring their types, risk factors, symptoms, and most importantly, prevention and treatment strategies.

National Vascular Day is celebrated on August 6th with the motive to create awareness about vascular health. The theme is “Amputation-Free India, Amputation-Free World.” The key message is that prevention and timely intervention of peripheral arterial disease can prevent many amputations.

Vascular diseases include peripheral arterial disease (PAD) such as acute limb ischemia, chronic limb ischemia, varicose veins, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), vascular malformations, carotid artery stenosis, aortic aneurysm/dissections, non-healing ulcers, diabetic foot, and its complications. Identifying these vascular conditions at an early stage can prevent the loss of limbs and life. A vascular surgeon can help patients with chronic kidney disease by performing procedures like AVF, AVG, and various salvage procedures.

Patients more likely to be affected by vascular problems include those with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes, high cholesterol levels, age over 50 years, tobacco consumption in any form (smoking, gutka), family history, and obesity.

Symptoms of Common Vascular Diseases:

- Swelling of the leg

- Leg pain on walking or at rest

- Blackish discoloration of the foot (gangrene)

- Wounds not healing for more than 6 weeks

- Visible veins in the foot

Pain in the legs is due to decreased blood supply to the foot (peripheral arterial disease), often referred to as a “leg attack” similar to a heart attack. In the advanced stages of PAD, there is a high chance of amputation. Hence, prevention and early identification of symptoms can prevent amputations.

Prevention and Treatment Strategies:

Once identified early, these vascular diseases can be managed by medications and lifestyle changes, minimally invasive (keyhole) procedures such as angioplasty and stenting, and open surgery methods like bypass surgery.

Vascular diseases are silent killers, but awareness and proactive measures can save lives. By understanding risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and adopting prevention strategies, we can combat these diseases. If you or a loved one is at risk, consult a vascular surgeon today.

National Vascular Day serves as a reminder to take care of vascular health, starting with making small changes in our everyday lives. Together, we can reduce the burden of vascular diseases and promote a healthier future.